编者按：习近平生态文明思想是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分，是新时代我国生态文明建设的根本遵循和行动指南，在国际上传播好、解释好、宣传好习近平生态文明思想意义重大。北京林业大学始终把生态文明建设作为立校之本、发展之基，自觉肩负起生态文明宣传教育责任，使习近平生态文明思想引领贯穿人才培养全过程和各领域，把习近平生态文明思想的实践要求转化为青年的思想自觉、政治自觉、行动自觉。为进一步向国际社会传播习近平生态文明思想，共谋全球生态文明建设，本系列摘编整理了新时代生态文明建设领域双语资料，以期增进国际社会对中国生态文明建设的了解，推动生态文明宣传教育工作，形成宣传思想文化的国际合力。

Editor's note: Xi Jinping thought on ecological civilization is an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. It provides fundamental principles and guidance for action in the new era. It is of great significance to spread, explain and publicize Xi Jinping thought on eco-civilization internationally. In answer to the national project, Beijing Forestry University takes the construction of ecological civilization as the driving force and development foundation. BFU takes it upon the shoulder to strengthen publicity and education on ecological civilization and promote green technology innovation, making Xi Jinping Thought on Eco-civilization dominate the whole process and every field of talent cultivation. BFU has been committed to raising green awareness among young people and promoting action to implement Xi Jinping Thought on Eco-civilization.

 Xin'an River in Shexian County, Huangshan City of east China's Anhui Province.(from Xinhuanet)

实现碳达峰、碳中和

Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality

碳达峰，即二氧化碳排放量达到历史最高值，然后经过平台期进入持续下降的过程，也是二氧化碳排放量由增转降的历史拐点。碳中和，即通过能效提升和能源替代将人为活动排放的二氧化碳减至最低程度，然后通过森林碳汇或捕集等其他方式抵消掉二氧化碳的排放，实现源与汇的平衡。

Carbon peak means that the emission of carbon dioxide reaches the historic high and then after a platform period, begins to decrease continuously. Carbon peak is the vaulting point in carbon dioxide emission. Carbon neutrality refers to achieving a balance between carbon emission and carbon sinks by way of enhancing energy efficiency and energy replacement to minimize the carbon dioxide emission by human activities and then offset such emission with forest carbon sinks or ways like sequestration.

2020 年 9 月，习近平在第七十五届联合国大会一般性辩论上发表重要讲话，宣布中国将提高国家自主贡献力度，二氧化碳排放力争于 2030 年前达到峰值，努力争取 2060 年前实现碳中和。2021 年 3 月，习近平主持召开中央财经委员会第九次会议，明确将碳达峰、碳中和纳入生态文明建设整体布局。中国力争 2030 年前实现碳达峰，2060 年前实现碳中和，是中国基于推动构建人类命运共同体的责任担当和实现可持续发展的内在要求作出的重大战略决策。

In his speech at the General Debate of the 75th Session of the United Nations General Assembly in September 2020, President Xi Jinping announced that China would scale up its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, and strive to have carbon dioxide emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060.

When presiding over a meeting of the Central Financial Committee in March 2021, Xi added the targets of carbon peak and carbon neutrality to China's overall plan for ecological conservation.

This strategic decision is out of China's sense of responsibility to build a global community of shared future and its own need to pursue sustainable development.

实现碳达峰、碳中和，是一场广泛而深刻的经济社会变革，要推动经济社会发展建立在资源高效利用和绿色低碳发展的基础之上。

Fulfilling the targets of carbon peak and carbon neutrality will bring about an extensive and profound revolution to the economy and society, and make efficient utilization and green, low-carbon development a solid foundation for the economy and society.

China will stay committed to the new development philosophy and system-based thinking, and balance development and emission reduction, overall and regional interests, and short-term and medium- and long-term development. While promoting greener economic and social development in all respects, it will highlight green, low-carbon development of energies, accelerate the formation of industrial structures, production models, lifestyles and spatial configurations that favor resource conservation and environmental protection, prioritize ecological conservation and pursue green, low-carbon and high-quality development.

要坚定不移贯彻新发展理念，坚持系统观念，处理好发展和减排、整体和局部、短期和中长期的关系，以经济社会发展全面绿色转型为引领，以能源绿色低碳发展为关键，加快形成节约资源和保护环境的产业结构、生产方式、生活方式、空间格局，坚定不移走生态优先、绿色低碳的高质量发展道路。

要坚持全国统筹，强化顶层设计，发挥制度优势，压实各方责任，根据各地实际分类施策。要把节约能源资源放在首位，实行全面节约战略，倡导简约适度、绿色低碳生活方式。要坚持政府和市场两手发力，强化科技和制度创新，深化能源和相关领域改革，形成有效的激励约束机制。要加强国际交流合作，有效统筹国内国际能源资源。要加强风险识别和管控，处理好减污降碳和能源安全、产业链供应链安全、粮食安全、群众正常生活的关系。

National unified management and top-level design is important to leverage China's institutional strengths, and all parties concerned must assume their responsibilities and adopt policies applicable to local conditions.

Prioritizing energy and resource conservation, China will encourage conservation across the board, and encourage simple, moderate, green and low-carbon ways of life. The government and the market will play their due roles, technological and institutional innovation will be reinforced, and the reform will further in the energy and related sectors, thus forming effective incentive and constraint mechanisms. China will increase its international cooperation, and coordinate domestic and international energy resources. It will enhance risk identification and control, and well balance pollution and emission reduction and energy security, industrial and supply chains security, food security, and normal life of the general public.

(From Keywords to Understand China: Ecological Civilization)